Sanskrit words and Meanings

Appendix: Sanskrit words and meanings

The following words and meanings are added as an
appendix to allow the reader to learn Sanskrit words.

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भज	= worship;
गोविन्दं	= Govinda;
मूढमते	= O, foolish mind!;
संप्राप्ते	= ( when you have) reached/obtained;
सन्निहिते	= (in the) presence/nearness of;
काले	= Time (here:Lord of Death, Yama);
नहि	= No; never;
रक्षति	= protects;
डुकृञ्करणे	= the grammatical formula DukRi.nkaraNe;
.. १..	= Text 1
मूढ	= Oh fool!;
जहीहि	= jahi+iha, leave/give up+here(in this world);
धन	= wealth;
अगम	= coming/arrival;
तृष्णां	= thirst/desire;
कुरु	= Do;act;
सद्बुद्धिं	= sat.h+buddhiM, good+awareness(loosely speaking:mind);
मनसि	= in the mind;
वितृष्णां	= desirelessness;
यल्लभसे	= yat.h+labhase, whatever+(you)obtain;
निजकर्म	= nija+karma, one's+duty(normal work);
उपात्त	= obtained;
वित्तं	= wealth;
तेन	= by that; with that;
विनोदय	= divert/recreate(be happy);
चित्तं	= mind;
.. २..	= 2
नारी	= woman;
स्तनभर	= breasts that are(full-with milk);
नाभीदेशं	= nAbhI+deshaM, navel+region/country;
दृष्ट्वा	= having seen;
मागा	= mA+gaa, Don't+go;
मोहावेशं	= infatuated state(moha+AveshaM-seizure);
एतन्	= this;
मांसावसादि	= mAmsau+Adi, flesh+etc;
विकारं	= appearance (generally, grotesque/ugly);
मनसि	= in the mind;
विचिन्तय	= think well;
वारं	= again;
वारं	= and again;
.. ३..	= 3

नलिनीदलगत	= nalinI+dala+gata, lotus+petal+reached/gone;
जल	= water(drop);
अतितरलं	= ati+tarala, very+unstable;
तद्वत्	= like that;
जीवित	= life;
अतिशय	= wonderful;
चपलं	= fickle-minded;
विद्धि	= know for sure;
व्याधि	= disease;
अभिमान	= self-importance;
ग्रस्तं	= having been caught/seized;
लोकं	= world;people;
शोकहतं	= attacked(hata) by grief(shoka);
च	= and;
समस्तं	= entire;
.. ४..	= 4
यावत्	= so long as;
वित्त	= wealth;
उपार्जन	= earning/acquiring;
सक्तः	= capable of;
तावन्निज	= tAvat.h+nija, till then+one's;
परिवारः	= family;
रक्तः	= attached;
पश्चात्	= later;
जीवति	= while living(without earning);
जर्जर	= old/digested (by disease etc);
देहे	= in the body;
वार्तां	= word (here enquiry/inquiry);
कोऽपि	= kaH+api, whosoever; even one;
न	= not;
पृच्छति	= inquires/asks/minds;
गेहे	= in the house;
.. ५..	= 5
यावत्	= so long as;
पवनः	= air/breath;
निवसति	= lives/dwells;
देहे	= in thge body;
तावत्	= till then;
पृच्छति	= asks/inquires;
कुशलं	= welfare;
गेहे	= in the house;
गतवति	= while gone;
वायौ	= air(life-breath);
देहापाये	= when life departs the body;
भार्या	= wife;
बिभ्यति	= is afraid;fears;
तस्मिन्काये	= tasmin.h+kaye, in that body;
.. ६..	= 6

बालः	= young boy;
तावत्	= till then (till he is young);
क्रीडा	= play;
सक्तः	= attached/engrossed/absorbed;
तरुणः	= young man;
तावत्	= till then;
तरुणी	= young woman;
सक्तः	= attached/engrossed;
वृद्धः	= old man;
तावत्	= till then;
चिन्ता	= worry;
सक्तः	= attached/engrossed/absorbed;
परे	= in the lofty;high;supreme;
ब्रह्मणि	= Brahman.h ;God;
कोऽपि	= whosoever;
न	= not;
सक्तः	= attached/absorbedengrossed;
.. ७..	= 7
काते	= kA+te, who+your;
कान्ता	= wife;
कस्ते	= kaH+te, who+your;
पुत्रः	= son;
संसारः	= world/family;
अयं	= this;
अतीव	= great/big/very much;
विचित्रः	= wonderful/mysterious;
कस्य	= whose;
त्वं	= you;
कः	= who;
कुतः	= from where;
आयातः	= have come;
तत्त्वं	= truth/nature;
चिन्तय	= think well/consider;
तदिह	= tat.h+iha, that+here;
भ्रातः	= brother;
.. ८..	= 8
सत्सङ्गत्वे	= in good company;
निस्सङ्गत्वं	= aloneness/non-attachment/detachment;
निर्मोहत्वं	= non-infatuated state/clearheadedness;
निश्चलतत्त्वं	= tranquillity/imperturbability;
जीवन्मुक्तिः	= salvation+freedom from bondage of birth;
वयसिगते	= vayasi+gate, when age has advanced/gone;
.. ९..	= 9
कः	= who/what use( in the sense of kva?(where));
कामविकारः	= sensual/sexual attraction;
शुष्के	= in the drying up of;
नीरे	= water;
क	= what( use) is the;

कासारः	= lake;
क्षीणे	= spent-up/weakened state of;
वित्ते	= wealth;
कः	= what( use) for;
परिवारः	= family(is there?);
ज्ञाते	= in the realised state;
तत्त्वे	= truth;
कः	= what (use) is;
संसारः	= world/family bond;
.. १०..	= 10
मा	= do not;
कुरु	= do/act;
धन	= wealth;
जन	= people;
यौवन	= youth;
गर्वं	= arrogance/haughtiness;
हरति	= takes away/steals away;
निमेषात्	= in the twinkling of the eye;
कालः	= Master Time;
सर्वं	= all;
माया	= delusion;
मयं	= full of/completely filled;
इदं	= this;
अखिलं	= whole/entire;
हित्वा	= having given up/abandoned;
ब्रह्मपदं	= the state/position of Brahma/god-realised state;
त्वं	= you;
प्रविश	= enter;
विदित्वा	= having known/realised;
.. ११..	= 11
दिनयामिन्यौ	= dina+yAminI, day + night;
सायं	= evening;
प्रातः	= morning;
शिशिर	= frosty season;
वसन्तौ	= (and) Spring season;
पुनः	= again;
आयातः	= have arrived;
कालः	= Master Time;
क्रीडति	= plays;
गच्छति	= goes (away);
आयुः	= life/age;
तदपि	= tat.h+api, then even;
न	= not;
मुञ्चति	= releases;
आशा	= desire;
वायुः	= air (the wind of desire does not let off its hold);
.. १२..	= 12

द्वादशमञ्जरिकाभिः

= by the bouquet consisting of 12 flowers (the 12 shlokas above)

अशेष	= without remainder/totally;
कथित	= was told;
वैयाकरणस्यैषः	= to the grammarian+this;
उपदेशः	= advice;
भूद्	= was;
विद्यनिपुणै	= by the ace scholar Shankara (Plural is used for reverance);
श्रीमच्छन्करभगवत्+चरणैः = by Shankaracharya, known as shankarabhagavat,.. १३..                                           charaNAH or pAdAH, plural for reverence (13)
काते	= kA+te, who+your;
कान्ता	= wife;
धन	= wealth;
गतचिन्ता	= thinking of;
वातुल	= ;
कि	= ;
तव	= your;
नास्ति	= na+asti, not there;
नियन्ता	= controller;
त्रिजगति	= in the three worlds;
सज्जन	= good people;
संगतिरैका	= sa.ngatiH+ekA, company+(only) one (way);
भवति	= becomes;
भवार्णव	= bhava+arNava, birthdeath+ocean;
तरणे	= in crossing;
नौका	= boat/ship;
.. १४..	= 14
जटिलः	= with knotted hair;
मुण्डी	= shaven head;
लुञ्छितकेश	= hair cut here and there;
काषाय	= saffron cloth;
अम्बर	= cloth/sky;
बहुकृत	= variously done/made-up;
वेषः	= make-ups/garbs/roles;
पश्यन्नपि	= even after seeing;
चन	= cha(?)+na, and +not;
पश्यति	= sees;
मूढः	= the fool;
उदरनिमित्तं	= for the sake of the belly/living;
बहुकृतवेषः	= various make-ups/roles;
.. १५..	= 15
अङ्गं	= limb(s);
गलितं	= weakened;
पलितं	= ripened(grey);
मुण्डं	= head;
दशनविहीनं	= dashana+vihInaM, teeth+bereft;
जातं	= having become;
तुण्डं	= jaws/mouth?;
वृद्धः	= the old man;

याति	= goes;
गृहीत्वा	= holding the;
दण्डं	= stick(walking);
तदपि	= then even;
न	= not;
मुञ्चति	= lets go/releases/gives up;
आशापिण्डं                      = AshA+pindaM, desire+lump(piNDaM also means rice-ball .. १६..                                   given as oblation for the dead (16)
अग्रे	= in front of/ahead/beforehand;
वह्निः	= fire ( for worship);
पृष्ठेभानुः	= pRishhThe+bhaanuH, behind+sun;
रात्रौ	= in the night;
चुबुकसमर्पितजानु	= face dedicated to(huddled up between) the knees;
करतलभिक्षा	= alms in the palms;
तरुतलवासं	= living under the trees;
तदपि	= then even;
न	= not;
मुञ्चति	= releases/lets go;
आशा	= desire;
पाशं	= rope/ties;
.. १७..	= 17
कुरुते	= one takes resort to;
गङ्गासागर	= the sea of Ganga (banks of the Ganges);
गमनं	= going;
व्रत	= austerities;
परिपालनं	= observance/governance;
अथवा	= or/else;
दानं	= charity;
ज्ञानविहिनः	= (but)bereft of knowledge  of the Self;
सर्वमतेन	= according to all schools of thought/unanimously;
मुक्तिं	= salvation/freedom;
न	= not;
भजति	= attains;
जन्म	= birth(s);
शतेन	= hundred;
.. १८..	= 18
सुर	= gods;
मंदिर	= temple;
तरु	= tree;
मूल	= root;
निवासः	= living;
शय्या	= bed;
भूतल	= on the surface of the earth;
मजिन	= deer skin?;
वासः	= living;
सर्व	= all;
परिग्रह	= ttachment;
भोग	= enjoyable things/worldly pleasures;

त्याग	= sacrificing/abandonment;
कस्य	= whose;
सुखं	= happiness;
न	= not;
करोति	= does;
विरागः	= Non-attachment/desirelessness;
.. १९..	= 19
योगरतः	= indulging in yoga;
वा	= or;
भोगरतः	= indulging in worldly pleasures;
वा	= or;
सङ्गरतः	= indulging in good company;
वा	= or;
सङ्गवीहिनः	= bereft of company;
यस्य	= whose;
ब्रह्मणि	= in Brahman(God);
रमते	= delights;
चित्तं	= mind (here soul);
नन्दति	= revels;
नन्दत्येव	= nandati+eva, revels alone/revels indeed;
.. २०..	= 20
भगवद्	= god's;
गीता	= song (here the scripture `bhagavatgItA');
किञ्चित्	= a little;
अधीता	= studied;
गङ्गा	= river Ganga;
जललव	= water drop;
कणिकापीता	= a little droplet, drunk;
सकृदपि	= once even;
येन	= by whom;
मुरारि	= the enemy of `Muraa' (Lord Krishna);
समर्चा	= well worshipped;
क्रियते	= is done;
तस्य	= his;
यमेन	= by Yama, the lord of Death;
न	= not;
चर्चा	= discussion;
.. २१..	= 21
पुनरपि	= punaH+api, again  again;
जननं	= birth;
पुनरपि	= again  again;
मरणं	= death;
पुनरपि	= again  again;
जननी	= mother;
जठरे	= in the stomach;
शयनं	= sleep;
इह	= in this world/here;
संसारे	= family/world;
बहुदुस्तारे	= fordable with great difficulty;
कृपयाऽपारे	= out of boundless compassion;
पाहि	= protect;
मुरारे	= Oh Muraa's enemy!(KrishhNa);
.. २२..	= 22
रथ्या	= ?;
चर्पट	= torn/tattered cloth;
विरचित	= created;
कन्थः	= throated man;
पुण्यापुण्य	= virtues  sins;
विवर्जित	= without/ having abandoned;
पन्थः	= wayfarer?;
योगी	= the man seeking union with god;
योगनियोजित	= ccontrolled by yoga;
चित्तः	= mind;
रमते	= delights;
बालोन्मत्तवदेव	= like a child who has gone mad;
.. २३..	= 23
कः	= who (are);
त्वं	= you;
कः	= who(am);
अहं	= I;
कुतः	= whence;
आयातः	= has come;
का	= who;
मे	= my;
जननी	= mother;
कः	= who;
मे	= my;
तातः	= father;
इति	= thus;
परिभावय	= deem well/visualise;
सर्वं	= the entire;
असारं	= worthless/without essence;
विश्वं	= world;
त्यक्त्वा	= having abandoned/sacrificed;
स्वप्न	= dream;
विचारं	= consideration/thinking;
.. २४..	= 24
त्वयि	= in yourself;
मयि	= in myself;
चान्यत्रैक	= cha+anyatra+ekaH, and+in any other place+only one;
विष्णुः	= the Lord MahaavishhNu;
व्यर्थ	= in vain ; for nothing;purposeless;
कुप्यसि	= you get angry;
मय्यसहिष्णु	= mayi+asahishhNuH, in me+intolerant;
भव	= become;
समचित्तः	= equal-minded/equanimity;
सर्वत्र	= everywhere;
त्वं	= you;
वाञ्छसि	= you desire;
अचिराद्	= without delay/in no time;
यदि	= if;
विष्णुत्वं	= the quality/state of Brahman/god-realisation;
.. २५..	= 25
शत्रौ	= in  (towards)the enemy;
मित्रे	= in (towards) the friend;
पुत्रे	= in(towards) the son;
बन्धौ	= in (towards) relatives;
मा	= don't;
कुरु	= do;
यत्नं	= effort;
विग्रहसन्धौ	= for war(dissension) or peace-making;
सर्वस्मिन्नपि	= in all beings;
पश्यात्मानं	= see your own self;
सर्वत्र	= everywhere;
उत्सृज	= give up;
भेदाज्ञानं	= difference/otherness/duality;
.. २६..	= 26
कामं	= desire;
क्रोधं	= anger;
लोभं	= greed;
मोहं	= infatuation;
त्यक्त्वाऽत्मानं	= having abandoned see as one's own self;
भावय	= deem/consider/visualise/imagine;
कोऽहं	= who am I;
आत्मज्ञान	= knowledge of self;
विहीना	= bereft;
मूढा	= fools;
ते	= they;
पच्यन्ते	= are cooked?;
नरक	= in the hell;
निगूढा	= cast in;
वित्तं	= wealth;
.. २७..	= 27
गेयं	= is to be sung;
गीता	= bhagavatgItA;
नाम	= name of the lord;
सहस्रं	= 1000 times;
ध्येयं	= is to be meditated;
श्रीपति	= Lakshmi's consort MahAvishhNu's;
रूपं	= form/image;
अजस्रं	= the unborn one;
नेयं	= is to be lead/taken;
सज्जन	= good people;
सङ्गे	= in the company;
चित्तं	= mind;
देयं	= is to be given;
दीनजनाय	= to the  poor (humble state) people;
च	= and;
.. २८..	= 28
सुखतः	= for happiness;
क्रियते	= is done;
रामाभोग	= sexual pleasures?;
पश्चाद्धन्त	= later on in the end;
शरीरे	= in the body;
रोग	= disease;
यद्यपि	= even though;
लोके	= in the world;
मरण	= death;
शरणं	= resort/surrender;
तदपि	= even then;
न	= not;
मुञ्चति	= releases/gives up;
पापाचरणं	= pApa+AcharaNa, sin-practising;
.. २९..	= 29
अर्थं	= wealth;
अनर्थं	= purposeless/in vain/danger-productive;
भावय	= deem/consider/visualise;
नित्यं	= daily/always;
न	= not;
अस्ति	= is;
ततः	= from that;
सुखलेशः	= (even a little) happiness;
सत्यं	= Truth;
पुत्रादपि	= even from the the son;
धन	= wealth;
भाजां	= acquiring peeople;
भीतिः	= fear;
सर्वत्र	= everywhere;
एषा	= this;
विहिआ	= vihitA?, understood;
रीतिः	= procedure/practice/custom;
.. ३०..	= 30
प्राणायाम	= breath-control;
प्रत्याहार	= diet-control;
नित्यं	= always/daily/certain;
अनित्य	= uncertain/temporary/ephemeral/transient;
विवेक	= awareness after reasoning;
विचार	= thought/considered concluion/opinion;
जाप्यसमेत	= with chanting of the  names of the lord;
समाधिविधान	= in the state of trance;
कुर्ववधानं	= pay attention;
महदवधानं	= great care  attention;
.. ३१..	= 31
गुरुचरणाम्बुज	= the lotus feet of the teacher/guru;
निर्भर	= dependent;
भकतः	= devotee;
संसारात्	= fromthe world;
अचिराद्भव	= in no time from the cycle of birthdeath;
मुक्तः	= released;
सेन्द्रियमानस	= sa+indriya+mAnasa, wwith senses and mind;
नियमादेव	= control alone(niyamAt.h eva);
द्रक्ष्यसि	= you will see;
निज	= one's own;
हृदयस्थं	= heart-stationed;
देवं	= God;
.. ३२..	= 32
मूढ	= fool;
कश्चन	= cerain;
वैयाकरण	= Grammar;
डुकृञ्करण	= grammatic formula DukRi.nkaraNa;
अध्ययन	= study;
धुरिण	= awakened/aroused?;
श्रीमत्	= honourable prefix;
शंकर	= Shankara;
भगवत्	= God;
शिष्यैः	= disciples;
बोधित	= having been taught/enlightened;
आसित्	= was/existed;
चोधितकरण	= tested or awakened senses;
.. ३३..	= 33
भज	= worship;
गोविन्दं	= lord Govinda;
मूढमते	= Oh foolish mind!;
नामस्मरणात्	= (exceept) through/from rememberance of the lord's name;
अन्य	= other;
उपाय	= plan/method/means;
नहि	= not;
पश्याम	= we see;
भवतरणे	= for crossing the ocean of births  deaths;
.. ३४..	= 34